3.戊基（C5H11-）：戊基是5-Azido-1-pentanol的主链，它决定了分子的整体结构和性质。 戊基链的长度适中，既保证了分子的稳定性，又使得分子具有一定的灵活性，有利于与其他化合物发生反应。

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（记住一些常见的取代基的异构体数目，可快速确定同分异构体的数目：－C3H7有2种，－C4H9有4种，－C5H11有8种。 ） 替代法：如二氯苯 (C6H4Cl2)有三种同分异构体，四氯苯也有三种同分异构体；又如CH4的一氯代物只有一种，新戊烷 [C (CH3)4]的一氯代物也只有一种。

③戊基的结构有8种，则一氯戊烷 (C5H11—Cl)、戊醇 (C5H11—OH)、己醛 (C5H11—CHO)、己酸 (C5H11—COOH)有8种同分异构体。 (3)先定后动法 分析二元取代物的方法，如分析C3H6Cl2的同分异构体，先固定其中一个Cl的位置，移动另外一个Cl，从而得到其同分异构体，共四种。

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