Abstract The work functions of clean and microscopically well-ordered surfaces of nickel and palladium single-crystal samples oriented to the (111) crystal face were measured in ultrahigh vacuum using ...

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Vol. 210, No. 1100 (Dec. 7, 1951), pp. 70-84 (15 pages) The work functions of surfaces of copper, silver and ...

Low-work-function metals such as calcium make great cathodes to most organic semiconductors, but are not air-stable.