The first step of counter-regulation is the sensing of hypoglycemia as a form of metabolic stress by specialized hypothalamic neurons which project directly to sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the ...

Combined preganglionic parasympathectomy and sympathectomy equalled the sum of the effects of denervation done separately. Therefore, sympathectomy led to atrophy in the lesioned side, while ...

The central nervous system and adipose tissue interact through complex communication. This bidirectional signaling regulates metabolic functions. The hypothalamus, a key homeostatic brain region, ...

Horner syndrome - A rare disease that causes problems with one side of your face. Learn more about symptoms, causes, diagnosis, & treatment for Horner syndrome.

This article discusses the autonomic nervous system, which is responsible for involuntary reactions such as heart rate, blood pressure and respiration. This is a Self-assessment article and comes with ...

The brain controls the heart through the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system. It consists of multisynaptic pathways from myocardial cells back to peripheral ...

B.Sc., Ph.D., MB ChB (Birm), F.R.C.A. Tony graduated in Medicine at the University of Birmingham in 1995. After intercalating BSc in Physiology (1st class) he was awarded a Wellcome Prize studentship ...

Background: Several disorders present reflex or persistent increase in vagal tone that may cause refractory symptoms even in a normal heart patient. Cardioneuroablation, the vagal denervation by ...

A 55-year-old hypertensive man complains of acute headache on the left and is found to have a left Horner syndrome. What evaluation is necessary with Horner syndrome and how urgently should it be ...

A ganglion is a cluster of nerve cells found in the peripheral nervous system. The cells that are specific to a ganglion are called ganglion cells. However, the term is sometimes used to describe ...

In preganglionic but not postganglionic lesions, norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitors significantly increase norepinephrine levels at the neurovascular junction and raise blood pressure. 25 ...