Continuous symmetry groups are mathematically represented by matrices -- rectangular arrays of numbers -- which can convert the properties of the mathematical object into linear algebra.

Caption A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers. A random matrix can be compared to a Sudoku filled with random numbers. Matrices are part of the equations governing the movements of the particles.

Continuous symmetry groups are mathematically represented by matrices—rectangular arrays of numbers—which can convert the properties of the mathematical object into linear algebra.

Smrutilekha Das, Debadutta Mohanty, Chinmay Kumar Giri, A note on double splittings for rectangular matrices, Filomat, Vol. 39, No. 8 (2025), pp. 2565-2575 ...

To do the calculation, the physicists used a reformulation of string theory called the IIB matrix model, which couches the theory in the form of matrices — rectangular grids of mathematical ...