过去二十年中,卢旺达取得了显著进步。如今,几乎每个家庭都用上了移动电话,初等教育也得到了普及。卢旺达半数以上的人口用上了电,五分之一的人口享有清洁饮用水和卫生服务。卢旺达的用电量增加了三倍,人均寿命延长了20年。
外汇市场的压力也可能波及其他金融资产。例如,融资与对冲成本上升可能会推高管理货币风险的成本,这可能会影响股票和债券等资产的收益率和风险溢价。融资成本的上升还会侵蚀金融机构的中介能力,造成金融环境收紧,并引发更广泛的金融稳定风险。
关税的影响 尚未完全显现 。在美国,企业可能从利润压缩更多地转向价格转嫁,这会推高通胀,从而对货币政策和经济增长产生影响。在其他国家,之前运往美国市场的大量商品可能会引发第二轮关税上调。
过去,“风险规避”事件(即全球投资者不加甄别地出售风险较高资产的时期)往往会对新兴市场造成尤为沉重的打击。避险事件引发了资本的急剧外流和金融环境的收紧,导致货币大幅贬值和通胀飙升。
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