In contrast, the average objective policy stringency, measured using the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker stringency index, was 68.45 points. Perceived stringency varied across subgroups.

U.S. FDA Commissioner Marty Makary is starting to fill the vacancies at the agency that’s seen its senior leadership ravaged by retirements and terminations. Makary’s first pick is Vinay Prasad as the ...

In sum, the new approach embraced by Congress in enacting the UFLPA and the Administration’s efforts to implement it are beginning to show results. Although enforcement of this law is a large ...

More information: Ilhan Ozturk et al, How do digital government, circular economy, and environmental regulatory stringency affect renewable energy production?, Energy Policy (2025).

Nov. 12, 1873 The New York Times Archives See the article in its original context from November 12, 1873, Page 5 Buy Reprints View on timesmachine ...

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency proposal also calls for a near 5% stringency increase in each model year from 2024 through 2026.