Özbudak says in all vertebrate species, including humans, the spinal column is composed of segmented vertebral discs. Those discs that form the spine originate in embryonic blueprint segments ...

The spinal column is composed of bony structures called vertebrae. The spinal cord is divided into 4 regions: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral regions.

Many of those joints are found in the spinal column. The spine’s numerous vertebrae — the collection of skeletal parts that stack up to create the spinal column — each move a small amount (1).

The spinal column rises from the coccyx, or tailbone, and runs the length of the back to the base of the skull.

These are the nerve cells in the spinal column and brain stem that allow for voluntary muscle control. Spina bifida is a congenital abnormality that primarily affects the spine.