Thirty-two of 65 chicks exposed to 5 to 260 metacercariae of Philophthalmus hegeneri Penner and Fried, 1963 from Batillaria minima (Gmelin) via the esophagus and necropsied 1 to 83 days later were ...

When night falls, the metacercaria forces the ant to climb to the top of a blade of grass, or branch, where it is still clearly visible to other animals. This is repeated until it is eaten by ...