N1 Single lymph node metastasis, 2 cm or less in greatest dimension N1 Single regional lymph node metastasis in the true pelvis (hypogastric, obturator, external iliac or presacral lymph node) N2 ...

Lymph node dissections, or lymphadenectomies, are surgical procedures that play an important role in cancer treatments. A healthcare professional will remove the lymph nodes and check a tissue ...

The long-term toxicities of chemotherapy and radiotherapy can represent a significant burden to testicular cancer survivors. Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) is an established treatment ...

According to National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines, adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) has been advocated after primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) to reduce the risk of relapse ...