FREQUENCY-MODULATION, or the technique of varying the frequency of radio waves for signalling purposes, has been known and used for many years ; but it was not until Armstrong in the United States ...

In addition, Figure 4 shows parameters such as modulation frequency (f M), span, and the modulation index (m) that impact the performance of the FSS, where T M is the modulation period.

The constant frequency terms cancel so jitter is just the integral of FM: As a result, the jitter or phase change is the integral of the frequency modulation. For SSC, we use a triangle wave shape.

NTT stabilized the frequency of an electro-optic modulation-based optical frequency comb for high-speed and large-capacity optical comms applications.

A new treatment that uses electrodes to deliver alternating pulses of ultralow-frequency (ULF) current could help address this need. In a pilot trial, the treatment improved pain ratings by as much as ...

NTT Corporation and Tokyo Denki University have succeeded in further stabilizing the graduated frequency of an optical frequency ruler generated by modulating the intensity and phase of laser ...