氧化铝层可以承受正向的直流电压，如果其承受反向的直流电压，其很容易在数秒内失效。这个现象被称为‘ Valve Effect ’，这就是为什么铝电解 电容 拥有极性的原因，如果电解电容的两个电极都有氧化层，则形成无极性电容。

下图显示了铝电解电容的基本结构，它由阳极（ anode ）、在绝缘介质上附着的氧化铝构成的铝层，接收极的阴极铝层，和真正的由电解液构成的阴极。电解液浸透在两个铝层间的纸上。

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